中文非投射语义依存现象分析研究

汉语是一种语序灵活的语言,句子变式很多,基于传统依存树的投射现象还不能很好解决某些句式的语义理解问题。文章以10000个句子的汉语语义依存图库为基础,验证并明确了汉语非投射现象的客观存在性,考察了汉语句子中存在的非投射现象,并从语言学和句子深层语义理解的角度对非投射现象进行了归纳和解释。文章总结了7类出现非投射现象的情况,包括小句宾语句、比较句、主谓谓语句、紧缩复句、代词、动补谓语句以及注释短语或复句。这对于自动语义依存标注有重要的指导作用。     

基于启发式搜索与预标注的中文CCG句法分析

针对中文组合范畴语法(CCG)分析困难的特点,研究如何将两种彼此相互独立的技术共同应用在中文CCG句法分析上。首先使用预标注算法,使用对数线性模型通过去除那些概率较低的词汇范畴来对句子的潜在分析空间进行剪枝。然后应用启发式搜索算法进一步加速分析过程。最后从时间效率和分析精度两个维度对所使用的方法进行验证。实验表明,基于启发式搜索与预标注的句法分析算法可以显著地提高分析效率与分析精度。     

Connectionism and Determinism in a Syntactic Parser

The processing of natural language is, at the same time, naturally symbolic and naturally subsymbolic. It is symbolic because ultimately symbols play a critical role. Writing systems, for example, owe their existence to the symbolic nature of language. It is also subsymbolic because of the nature of speech, the fuzziness of concepts, and the high degree of parallelism that is difficult to explain as a purely symbolic phenomenon. Building a processor of natural language, therefore, requires a hybrid approach. This report details a set of experiments which support the claim that natural language can be syntactically processed in a robust manner using a connectionist deterministic parser. The model is trained from patterns derived from a deterministic grammar and tested with grammatical, ungrammatical and lexically ambiguous sentences.     

空间不同几何条件下螺旋系相关性的研究

采用射影几何理论讨论了在三力三偶、四力二偶及五力一偶的情况下螺旋系的相关性。利用K1ein映射表示法，通过齐次Plücker坐标将P^3中的线映射为P^5中的点，来确定螺旋系的相关性，给出了相关性的判据，并列出了在空间不同几何条件下螺旋系相关性列表。研究结果对并联机器人自由度的确定、主动输入选择等运动问题均有重要意义。     

基于聚类的连续属性动态离散化算法

连续属性离散化是数据分析中重要的预处理过程，而基于粗糙集理论的数据分析要求离散化的结果能够最大程度的保持原信息系统的分辨关系。本文提出了一种新的离散化算法，此算法以决策信息系统中决策属性对条件属性集合的依赖度作为评价函数动态调整DBSCAN聚类算法的参数，直至离散化决策属性对条件属性集合的依赖度达到预先指定的阈值为止。算法分析和实验证明，本算法是切实可行的。     

ZASP玻璃荧光体的激发波长依赖性及Dy3＋掺杂的荧光色彩调谐

采用熔融法制备了锌铝锑磷酸盐(ZASP)玻璃荧光 体,研究了其荧光色彩对激发波长的依赖性和Dy³⁺掺杂的色彩调谐作用。短波紫外(U VC)和中波紫外(UVB)激发下,ZASP基质玻璃 呈现Sb³⁺的宽谱带发射,色彩位于蓝白光和蓝光区域。差异性光谱行为表明,玻璃中 存在异质 性的Sb³⁺发光中心,导致玻璃荧光对激发波长产生依赖行为。Dy³⁺引入ZASP玻 璃后,产生归属 于Dy³⁺的约484nm波长窄带发 射,其在UVC和UVB激发下的发光有效性相当程度上归因于Sb ³⁺到Dy³⁺的能量传递。Dy³⁺的暖色成分使ZASP玻璃荧光总体上从蓝白区 向白光区移动,同时 也对荧光的激发波长依赖趋势产生显著影响,丰富了荧光发射色彩的多样性,为高质量荧光 器件的研发提供了可能。     

Interference effects from grammatically unavailable constituents during sentence processing.

Evidence from 3 experiments reveals interference effects from structural relationships that are inconsistent with any grammatical parse of the perceived input. Processing disruption was observed when items occurring between a head and a dependent overlapped with either (or both) syntactic or semantic features of the dependent. Effects of syntactic interference occur in the earliest online measures in the region where the retrieval of a long-distance dependent occurs. Semantic interference effects occur in later online measures at the end of the sentence. Both effects endure in offline comprehension measures, suggesting that interfering items participate in incorrect interpretations that resist reanalysis. The data are discussed in terms of a cue-based retrieval account of parsing, which reconciles the fact that the parser must violate the grammar in order for these interference effects to occur. Broader implications of this research indicate a need for a precise specification of the interface between the parsing mechanism and the memory system that supports language comprehension. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mining process models with non-free-choice constructs

Process mining aims at extracting information from event logs to capture the business process as it is being executed. Process mining is particularly useful in situations where events are recorded but there is no system enforcing people to work in a particular way. Consider for example a hospital where the diagnosis and treatment activities are recorded in the hospital information system, but where health-care professionals determine the “careflow.” Many process mining approaches have been proposed in recent years. However, in spite of many researchers’ persistent efforts, there are still several challenging problems to be solved. In this paper, we focus on mining non-free-choice constructs, i.e., situations where there is a mixture of choice and synchronization. Although most real-life processes exhibit non-free-choice behavior, existing algorithms are unable to adequately deal with such constructs. Using a Petri-net-based representation, we will show that there are two kinds of causal dependencies between tasks, i.e., explicit and implicit ones. We propose an algorithm that is able to deal with both kinds of dependencies. The algorithm has been implemented in the ProM framework and experimental results shows that the algorithm indeed significantly improves existing process mining techniques.     

控制反转技术分析

轻量级容器的解耦模式被称为“控制反转”或者“依赖注入”,组件之间的依赖关系由容器(运行环境)在运行期决定,从而在相当程度上降低了组件之间的耦合。该文详细论述了这种解耦模式的原理,以及依赖注入的3种主要形式,并且对几种形式进行了对比总结。     

The Importance of Shared Environment in Infant-Father Attachment: A Behavioral Genetic Study of the Attachment Q-Sort.

In this first behavior genetic study on infant-father attachment, we estimated genetic and environmental influences on infant-father attachment behaviors and on temperamental dependency, both assessed with the Attachment Q-Sort (AQS; B. E.Vaughn & E. Waters, 1990; E. Waters, 1995). Mothers of mono- and dizygotic twins (N = 56 pairs) sorted the AQS with a focus on the infant's behaviors in the presence of the father. Genetic modeling showed that attachment was largely explained by shared environmental (59%) and unique environmental (41%) factors. For dependency, genetic factors explained 66% of the variance, and unique environmental factors including measurement error explained 34%. Attachment to father appears to be, to a significant degree, a function of the environment that twins share. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)